冠心病如何治疗？

pstrongspan style="display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb255, 255, 255; color: rgb0, 0, 0; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-spacing: 0px;"       br/ /span/strongspan style="display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb255, 255, 255; color: rgb0, 0, 0; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-spacing: 0px;"      /spanemspan style="display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb255, 255, 255; color: rgb0, 0, 0; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-spacing: 0px;"/span/ememspan style="display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb255, 255, 255; color: rgb0, 0, 0; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-spacing: 0px;" strong冠心病如何治疗？/strong/span/emstrongspan style="display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb255, 255, 255; color: rgb0, 0, 0; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-spacing: 0px;"br//spanbr/span style="display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb255, 255, 255; color: rgb0, 0, 0; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-spacing: 0px;"/span/strongspan style="display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb255, 255, 255; color: rgb0, 0, 0; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-spacing: 0px;"介入治疗优势明显。/spanstrongspan style="display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb255, 255, 255; color: rgb0, 0, 0; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-spacing: 0px;"每位冠心病患者的自身的情况不同，治疗上也会有一定的差异。目前，冠心病的治疗主要包括药物治疗、介入治疗以及外科手术的治疗。其中，冠心病的经皮冠状动脉介入简称PCI治疗因其创伤小、恢复佳、再狭窄发生率低等优势，逐渐成为主流的治疗方案。/spanbr/br/span style="display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb255, 255, 255; color: rgb0, 0, 0; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-spacing: 0px;"李松主任介绍，/span/strongstrongspan style="display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb255, 255, 255; color: rgb0, 0, 0; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-spacing: 0px;"目前的冠心病介入治疗一年能够开展几十万例，是一项比较成熟的治疗方法。/span/strongstrongspan style="display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb255, 255, 255; color: rgb0, 0, 0; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-spacing: 0px;"/spanbr/span style="display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb255, 255, 255; color: rgb0, 0, 0; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-spacing: 0px;"/span/strongemspan style="text-align: left; color: rgb0, 0, 0; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline !important; orphans: 2; float: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb255, 255, 255;"介入治疗通过经皮穿刺的方法，利用球囊扩张狭窄血管腔，并放置支架，来达到增加冠脉血流量，改善心肌血液供应的目的，从而改善胸痛、胸闷等症状，达到治疗冠心病的目的。/span/emstrongspan style="display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb255, 255, 255; color: rgb0, 0, 0; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-spacing: 0px;"随着介入的不断发展，介入治疗在和材料方面都有了明显的进步。在穿刺位置上，从原来的股动脉穿刺发展到桡动脉穿刺，再到虎口处完成穿刺介入，创伤程度逐/span/strongspan style="display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb255, 255, 255; color: rgb0, 0, 0; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-spacing: 0px;"/spanstrongspan style="display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb255, 255, 255; color: rgb0, 0, 0; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-spacing: 0px;"渐减轻，患者治疗后并不影响自由活动，一般一两天即可出院；/spanbr/br/span style="display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb255, 255, 255; color: rgb0, 0, 0; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-spacing: 0px;"在介入方面，由初的球囊扩张到扩张后置放支架，降低了介入术后复发的风险；另外，在介入支架的材料方面上也有了更多的选择，目前应用多的是药物涂层支架，这类支架的优点在于可以预防血管的再狭窄，减少冠心病的复发几率。虽说介入治疗的优势很多，但并非所有的冠心病患者都需要介入治疗，选择适合自身的治疗方法更加重要。通过造影观察，医生可以了解到患者的血管狭窄程度，血管狭窄超过75%需要进行介入治疗，而血管狭窄低于75%的患者，但伴有明显症状的患者同样可以考虑介入治疗；如果血管堵塞程度在50%以下，通常只需要药物治疗即可；当然一些情况特殊的冠心病患者，如冠心病三支病变、左主干病变等，则需要外科手术的干预。/spanbr/br/span style="display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb255, 255, 255; color: rgb0, 0, 0; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-spacing: 0px;"冠心病的二级预防很重要，“为什么同是放了支架，一个人10年都没事，一个人10个月后就再次堵塞？/spanbr/br/span style="display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb255, 255, 255; color: rgb0, 0, 0; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-spacing: 0px;"很多患者认为放了支架就万事大吉，症状得到了改善可以不吃药了，这其实是不对的。介入治疗后做好冠心病的二级预防，才能更好地控制疾病，预防血管的再狭窄，避免冠心病的复发。做好二级预防，首先要做好药物管理。/span/strongspan style="text-decoration: underline;"strongspan style="text-align: left; color: rgb0, 0, 0; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline !important; orphans: 2; float: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb255, 255, 255;"冠心病的药物包括长期服用的药物和急救药物，在冠心病的治疗、预防和恢复中起着不同的作用，因此冠心病患者应该遵循医嘱，按需坚持服药。/span/strong/spanstrongspan style="display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb255, 255, 255; color: rgb0, 0, 0; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-spacing: 0px;"临床上常见的治疗药物可以分为五类，包括抗血小板聚集的药物、改善心肌缺血的药物、改善心肌重塑的药物、调脂的药物以及中医药。/spanbr/br/span style="display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb255, 255, 255; color: rgb0, 0, 0; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-spacing: 0px;"我们熟知的救心丸、复方丹参滴丸等中成药，能够起到活血化瘀的效用，的缓解患者的胸痛、胸闷等症状，也是很多冠心病患者的常备救命药。另外在日常生活中，想要预防冠心病的发作，可以在中医师的指导下采用三七、党参、人参、红参等具有活血化瘀效用的中药，而北芪一类的益气效用的中药有助于血管的再生和新生，对于冠心病的治疗同样有着不俗的功效。/spanbr/br/span style="display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb255, 255, 255; color: rgb0, 0, 0; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-spacing: 0px;"　/span/strongspan style="text-decoration: underline;"strongspan style="text-align: left; color: rgb0, 0, 0; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline !important; orphans: 2; float: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb255, 255, 255;"　除了药物外，生活方式的改善对于冠心病的二级预防同样至关重要：/span/strong/spanstrongbr/span style="display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb255, 255, 255; color: rgb0, 0, 0; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-spacing: 0px;"1、戒烟，对于冠心病患者需要完全戒烟，并且避免暴露在吸烟环境下，避免接受二手烟的危害；/spanbr/span style="display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb255, 255, 255; color: rgb0, 0, 0; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-spacing: 0px;"2、适当锻炼，远离“沙发土豆”的生活方式，避免长时间的静坐，可以采用中医的形体养生方法锻炼，如八段锦、太极拳等，肥胖的患者还需要适当控制体重，可以改善冠心病患者的身体状况；/spanbr/span style="display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: rgb255, 255, 255; color: rgb0, 0, 0; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-spacing: 0px;"3、饮食健康，中医理念提倡健康饮食、清淡饮食，这与现代医学的很多饮食观念不谋而合，冠心病的患者在生活中需要注意减少食盐的摄入量，积极预防高血压的危险因素；另外动物内脏以及蛋黄类食物含有较高的胆固醇，也需要适量食用来调控血脂；对于淀粉类的高糖食物，也要适当减少摄入量，积极预防血糖升高带来的一系列健康问题。/spanbr/br//strongbr//p